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MOTS-c

MOTS-c

£17.00 GBP
£17.00 GBP
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This product is synthesized and distributed exclusively for in vitro laboratory experimentation and in vivo animal research models. It is strictly NOT intended for human consumption, diagnostic procedures, or therapeutic use. All handling, reconstitution, and deployment must be conducted by qualified laboratory professionals using proper personal protective equipment.

Overview

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C) is a naturally occurring, 16-amino acid structural peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear DNA. This signalling molecule serves as a critical model for investigating mitochondrial-nuclear communication. Under induced metabolic stress in laboratory environments, the peptide translocates directly to the cell nucleus to regulate adaptive nuclear gene expression and sustain homeostatic balance.

Key Research Applications

  • Metabolic Signaling Pathways: Extensively utilized to explore cell-autonomous metabolic homeostasis, specifically focusing on its interaction with the folate-purine pathway and downstream activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

  • Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics: Serves as a key analog in in vitro and in vivo animal studies examining cellular glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation efficiency, and localized ATP kinetics.

  • Cellular Aging and Atrophy Modeling: Studied in longevity paradigms to evaluate the impacts of age-dependent mitochondrial decline, age-associated insulin resistance, and myostatin-mediated muscle wasting signaling.

  • Stress Adaptation Genetics: Used to investigate cellular resilience profiles under carbohydrate or lipid overload conditions, signaling directly via antioxidant response elements (ARE) within the nucleus.

Technical Specifications

  • Sequence: Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg (MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR)

  • Molecular Formula: C₉₄H₁₃₉N₂₅O₃₀

  • Molecular Weight: ~2174.6 Da

  • Classification: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide (MDP)

Scientific References & Literature Citations

  • Discovery & Structural Characterization:

    • Lee, C., et al. (2015). "The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance." Cell Metabolism, 21(3), 443-454.

    • Kim, K. H., et al. (2018). "Mitochondria-derived peptides as novel regulators of metabolism." Journal of Molecular Medicine, 96(2), 110-117.

  • Cellular Pathways & AMPK Activation:

    • Reynolds, J. C., et al. (2021). "MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates aging and metabolism." Nature Communications, 12(1), 566.

    • Zhai, D., et al. (2023). "MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders." Journal of Translational Medicine, 21(1), 52.

  • Muscle Bioenergetics & Atrophy Signaling:

    • Leciejewska, N., et al. (2025). "MOTS-c impact on muscle cell differentiation and metabolism across fiber types." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 69(1), 12-25.

    • Kumagai, H., et al. (2021). "MOTS-c reduces myostatin and muscle atrophy signaling through the inhibition of FOXO1 transcription factors." FASEB Journal, 35(3), e21350.

  • Tezze, C., et al. (2026). "MOTS-c improves intrinsic muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic health and efficiency in a PGC-1α/AMPK-dependent manner." Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 246, 682-696.

    Technical Documentation Notice:

    This material is offered for laboratory research use only. For verified technical documentation regarding mitochondrial open reading frames (sORFs) and systemic metabolic homeostasis, please cross-reference standard medical indexing networks (e.g., PubMed/NCBI) using the foundational research publications listed above.

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